Human Resource Management Instrument Of Performance...

Globally, international performance in upper and lower management can be described as a process which allows an international organization or multi-national company to critique and consistently improve the individual and corporate performance in its relation to its pre-set goals and expectations. Performance appraisals are to be considered and designed to be a key human resource management instrument of performance management and can influence the execution of the business strategy within the organization or company. According to (Business Directory, 2016) The process by which a manager or consultant (1) examines and evaluates an employee s work behavior by comparing it with preset standards, (2) documents the results of the comparison, and (3) uses the results to provide feedback to the employee to show where improvements are needed and why. Performance appraisals are employed to determine who needs what training, and who will be promoted, demoted, retained, or fired. International performance appraisal can be regarded as a strategic process that helps to continuously improve global operations through their employees by matching up to certain pre-set objectives. However, we will find that while performance appraisals are important in terms of performance management, they can also often be viewed as problematic. The global manager is and can be generalized and considered as someone who has the capability, the ability and the experience of working for additional countriesShow MoreRelatedPerformance Appraisal Instruments : Performance Management1131 Words   |  5 Pages Performance Appraisal Instruments Performance Management Human Resource Management â€Æ' Performance Appraisal Instruments (Performance Management) An overview According to Zweig (1991), performance appraisal instruments are tools that are used to measure the performance of employees in the workplace. They are used to put employees up against one another or a predetermined standard, and the appraiser is required to give an evaluation. Practical and effective performance appraisal instruments areRead MoreCase Study ‘Technical Instruments Pty Ltd’983 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study ‘Technical Instruments Pty Ltd’ Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Analyse strategic and operational plans 3. Consult line and senior managers to identify human resources needs 4. Develop options for delivery of human resource services 5. Comply with legislative requirements 6. Develop and agree on strategies 7. Agree and document roles and responsibilities of human resource teams 1. Introduction The purpose of the report is to analyse the currentRead MoreTheory Of Constraint Technique Is The Elimination Of Idle Time1716 Words   |  7 Pages Another Theory of Constraint technique is the elimination of idle time. For whatever reason, idle time is also present in bottleneck resources. For instance, all employees may have a break at the same time leading to no performance during the bottleneck process. Short breaks may have a high opportunity costs since the bottleneck have a constraint effect on the entire plant output. Thus, elimination of such idle time may improve a factory s output. As a TOC technique, scheduling and sequencingRead MoreConcepts Of Broad Banding And Competencies1420 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen suggested that such interviews are actually nothing more than verbal ability tests (Huffcut, Arthur 1994, 188). Entry-level employment interviews with high levels of structure appear to be highly valid predictors of supervisory ratings of job performance (Huffcut, Arthur 1994, 189). The OPM has turned from its lengthy examinations toward a resume-based system (Condrey 2012). The standardized examinations had been designed to ensure merit and competence, but were found to discriminate against protectedRead MoreTalent Management Issues Facing International Organizations1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe variety of talent management issues facing international organizations nowadays is enormously broad. One of the main tasks facing companies all over the world is constructing and supporting a solid talent pipeline. Not only do companies need to regulate to shifting demographics and work force preferences, but they also need to build new abilities and invigorate their organizations — all while struggling with new competitors, investing in new technologies and globalizing their actions. What doRead MoreQuantitative Research : Data Collection1527 Words   |  7 Pagesfor promotion, position and performance being the causes. Employees resigning from jobs in large n umbers could lead to lower productivity and bad organizational reputation in most situations. Conflicts are a critical part of human relationships; many organizations have devised methods to resolve them in a manner that maintains cohesion, economic stability in order to minimize negative outcomes which are certain for employees unless the conflicts between them and management are successfully managed throughRead MorePerformance Appraisal1514 Words   |  7 Pagesare the most important resource in any organisation. As a matter of fact, organisations would not exist without human resources. However, it is important to recognise that people have different abilities and hence their contributions to the success of an organisation vary. In an effort to quantify the contributions made by employees to an organisation, Human resource managers carry out what is referred to as performance appraisal. Different scholars have defined performance appraisal differently.Read MoreA Short Note On Hu man Resource Management1160 Words   |  5 Pagesfirstly consist of a short profile on the term human resource management. Secondly a description of the importance of three human resource functions that are suitable for the above mentioned business in the task scenario. Also taking into account the situation of the business in the task scenario an examination of two appropriate workforce planning methods that can be used in their organisation. Then recount the ways in which the overall performance of the business in the task scenario can be improvedRead MoreThe Position Analysis Of A Worker Oriented Approach For Gathering And Analyzing Job Information1540 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review The position analysis questionnaire is the most widely applied job analysis instrument, adapting a worker-oriented approach to gathering and analyzing job information. The purpose of the PAQ is to identify general job characteristics, and is primarily employed by human resource and personnel functions of organizations (Aamodt, 2012). The PAQ is not used by human resource functions for operational purposes, such as wok design or training programs, due to its generalized perspectiveRead MoreThe Strategic Goals Of An Organization1602 Words   |  7 PagesHR practices are the main instrument from which a company can draw on to alter the workforce as well as attempt to modify and reorganise cultural behaviours which can lead to organisational success. The behaviour, attitude and skills of employees must fit the strategic requirements of a company for it to develop a competitive advantage. However, maintaining a focus specifically on the strategic goals of an organisation has been critici sed through some studies which suggest this may be detrimental

Warehousing in Supply Chain Free Essays

WAREHOUSING IN SUPPLY CHAIN Introduction Warehousing is one of the most important and critical logistic activities in industrial and service systems. A few production philosophies, e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Warehousing in Supply Chain or any similar topic only for you Order Now just in time (JIT) and lean manufacturing, propose and support the so-called ‘‘zero stock’’ as basic and strategic pillar. Also manufacturing requirement planning (MRP), the well known and widely adopted ‘‘push-’’ based full? lment technique, theoretically guarantees no storage quantities when the ‘‘lot for lot’’ reorder policy is adopted. Nevertheless, these special production systems do not operate in absence of warehousing systems that support and smooth the discontinuity ? ow of materials, products and components, at the input and at the bottom of a generic production stage. Warehousing activities and storage systems are necessary! This is true in many industrial and not industrial sectors: from automotive to tile industry passing from food industry, health care production systems, service sectors (e. g. banks, universities, hospitals), etc. Obviously, warehousing is the core activity of logistic providers, usually specialized in distribution activities including storage and transportation issues. In special sectors, like the food industry and the health care supply chains, warehousing means storage systems in critical operating conditions, e. g. controlled temperature and/or humidity levels, by the management of fresh and perishable products. The storage systems signi? cantly affect the level of quality of products, the customer’s service level, and the global logistic cost. Just an example: the food industry. Warehousing and transportation issues signi? cantly affect the level of quality of foodstuffs at the consumer’s location, especially when production plants and ? nal points of demand (consumers’ locations) are far away and frequently located in different countries. The mission of warehousing is the same of the discipline ‘‘logistics’’: to effectively ship products in the right place, at the right time, and in the right quantity without any damages or alterations. Important keywords in warehousing and storage systems are: safety, quality, availability, cost saving, customer service level, traceability, picking, automation, ful? llment, travel time, etc. With increased globalization and offshore sourcing, global supply chain management is becoming an important issue for many businesses. Global supply chain management involves a company’s worldwide interests and suppliers rather than simply a local or national orientation. This is the operational arena of warehouses in most complex production systems. THE ROLES OF WAREHOUSE IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN Warehouse play vital roles in the supply chain. The warehouse is not only a facility where a company can store their products, but the warehouse offers inventory management, physical inventory counts and shipping functionality. The warehouse charges their clients for a certain rate for the goods stored, the volume of the warehouse used and the services the client wishes to use. The company using the warehouse does not have to employ warehouse staff, does not require any inventory software or warehouse equipment. The owner of the warehouse is responsible for the costs and passes this on to their clients based on the rate they are charged. The warehousing functionality today is much more than the traditional function of storage. The main function that warehousing serves today are hold raw material at or near the point of induction into a manufacturing or assembly process. The work-in-process warehouses hold partially completed assemblies and products at various points along an assembly or production line. Besides, the finished goods warehouse hold inventory used to balance and buffer the variation between production and schedules and demand. For this purpose, the warehouse is usually located near the point of manufacture and is often characterized by the flow of full pallets in and full pallets out, assuming that product size and volume warrant pallet-sized loads. A warehouse serving only this function may have demands ranging from monthly to quarterly replenishment of stock to the next level of distribution. Edward Frazelle. (2001) claims that distribution warehouses and distribution centers accumulate and consolidate products from various points of manufacture within a single firm, or from several firms, for combined shipment to common customers. Such as warehouse may be located central to either the production locations or the customer base. Product movement may be typified by full pallets or cases or broken case quantities out. The facility is typically responding to regular weekly or monthly orders. Warehouse also receive, pick, and ship small orders for individual consumers. As a fulfillment warehouse and fulfillment centers. The local warehouse, distributed in the field in order to shorten transportation distances to permit rapid response to customer demand. Frequently, single items are picked, and the same item may be shipped to the customer every day. The value –added service warehouse serve as the facility where key product customization activities are executed, including packaging, labeling, marking, pricing and returns processing. According to Edward Frazelle. (2001) the figure below illustrates warehouse performing these functions in a logistics network. Unfortunately, in many of today’s networks, a single item will pass in and out of warehouse serving each of these functions between the point of manufacturer and the customer. When feasible, two or more missions should be combined in the same warehousing operation, and handling steps in the chain should be minimized. Current changes in the availability and cost of transportation options make combining activities in a single location and link skipping possible for many products. In particular, small high-value items with unpredictable demand are frequently shipped worldwide froma single source using overnight delivery services. Figure : the roles of a warehouse in logistics and supply chain management. Cliff Otto (2010) is of the opinion that Cross-docking as manufacturers seek ways to move products more efficiently and cost-effectively, many are ediscovering cross-docking—moving product directly from receiving to shipping with little or no inventory and minimal handling. The process is resurfacing as a way to take costs out of the supply chain, accelerate inventory velocity, and improve service levels. While historically used for durable goods, high turn rates and reduced handling make cross-docking an effective solution for everything from perishable products to high-value/high-security g oods. The process helps get product to market quickly and economically while reducing the need for warehouse space and inventory carry costs. In simple words, warehouses are used by manufacturers,  exporters, wholesalers, retailers,  transport businesses, customs (exporters, Importers), etc. They are usually large plain buildings, equipped with loading docks to load and unload consignment from trucks. Based upon the size of the goods and volume of operation they also often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets. Warehouse is a facility where the supply chain holds or stores goods, until they are needed by the customers. Warehouse can be owned by manufactures, wholesalers, retailers to store the goods. In my opinion, the role of warehousing and storage has changed drastically as customer and vendor compliance issues have come to surface and a greater emphasis has been placed on operations and customer satisfaction. There are more demands and expectations in today’s industry. The management of warehousing operations requires a unique combination of engineering, IT, human resources and supply chain skills. Motorsense offers an integrated warehouse solution that incorporates all the above to give a cost effective solution with the added benefit of stock reworking, returns management, sub-assembly and repackaging. REFERENCES 1. Manzini, Riccardo. (2012) Warehousing in the Global Supply Chain. Bologna: Springer 2. Martin Murray. Public Warehousing In The Supply Chain. About. com Guide 3. Edward Frazelle. (2001) World-Class Warehousing and Material Handling. McGraw-Hill Prof Med/Tech 4. Radhakrishnan. (2010) Logistics – Warehouse Management (Part I). 5. David K. Ecklund. (2010) Warehousing Efficiency and Effectiveness in the Supply Chain Process. Supply Chain Management Review 6. G Raghuram. Warehousing to Supply Chain Management -Complementary or Supplementary. Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad How to cite Warehousing in Supply Chain, Essay examples

Occupational Performance Implicationsâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About The Occupational Performance Implications? Answer: Introduction: Based on the given information for the case study, the essay focuses on Stephanie, her family and prevailing disorder autism and epilepsy. Background information: Person Stephanie is eleven years old about to turn twelve soon. At the age of two and half years old, she was diagnosed with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Presently she is having both autism and epilepsy. These mental disorders have no cure and she will survive with these for life-long. Occupational therapists with interventions will assist her to perform her daily activities, communication and engagement in activities in leisure time. Environment Stephanie is mostly at home accompanied with either of her parents, or in her school for therapy sessions. At home, Stephanie converses with the help of PECS (picture exchange communication system) and has joined a special developmental school. When she is at home, a continuous administration of her activities is required. She pulls all the drawers and cupboards, empty the content out of it as if searching for some treasure. Consequently they have locked all the drawers and refrigerator as well. Occupation She enjoys playing in water and loves to bath, even though a constant supervision is required for both the activities. In addition to playing in water, she loves to walk in her garden. Her mother told about smearing issues of Stephanie, she smears her hands with mud and sometimes soils her hairs. She is fascinated by the reflection of light from the window against the shed walls. Stephanie has a care provider to aid her to join music therapy sessions per week. Comparatively, less support is accessed by her parents; therefore, they are thankful to the care provider for helping their daughter. Stephanie enjoys music; hence she also goes to the supported youth group once each fortnight. Anne and Chris stayed in a rural town surrounded by family and friends. They ran a small business in that town and then, they were blessed with a girl child named Stephanie. When she was diagnosed, her parents were disappointed to know that their local area specialist had insignificant awareness regarding this disorder. The pediatric was so uncomfortable to answer when enquired regarding autism by Chris. Since specialist services and therapies were not available in their hometown for Stephanies disorder, her parents shifted to Melbourne after selling their old house. Her parents decided to get best possible solution for her. In Melbourne, Anne and Chris feel homesick as they miss their family and friends. Both of them desired to have another child but with Stephanies daily needs and care it is time consuming/hectic. Therefore, they dropped their wish for second child so that they can pay complete attention towards Stephanie. It would be hard for them if they had to pay similar attent ion on second child as well. In Stephanies case, she cannot be left unattended as she needs regular supervision for daily activities. Description of health condition: At present Stephanie is eleven years old diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy both. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability in brain in which patients are reported to have restricted and repetitive behaviour and impaired imaginative play, regression in communication and social interaction (Baio, 2012). It is a spectrum disorder because abilities of children with autism differ significantly from one another. In Epilepsy, patients get recurrent seizures which are not provoked. Epilepsy and ASD are reported to be co-occurrent (Spence and Schneider, 2009; Bolton et al., 2011). The children with ASD and epilepsy are diverse because their disabilities and needs are not similar. Cognitive and behavioural developments are significantly affected by seizures (Van Campen et al., 2016). Available data also suggests that person with ASD and epilepsy demonstrates worse social and behavioural consequences when compared to person with only ASD (Viscidi et al., 2014). Autism symptoms are ex istent in children prior to three years of age, hence, symptoms commence from early childhood. Approximately in 60-75% of children with autism, intellectual disabilities are noticed (Lindgren and Doobay, 2011). Available reports have shown that in children with autism common problems are balance control, coordination, movement and motor preparation. Occupational performance implications The implications of ASD and epilepsy restrict occupational performances such as learning effectively, playing, day-to-day activities, and social involvement. The motor skills are not developed, thus, limiting occupational performances. In children with ASD, sensory processing/modulating disorder, which is a strange response of sensory stimulus, is often observed (Neil et al., 2016; Van Campen et al., 2016). Epileptic children also exhibit altered neural responses to sensory stimulus (Chipaux et al., 2013). There are restrictions to numerous functional behaviour and occupational performances in children with autism due to dysfunction in perceiving stimulus, sensory processing, and impaired communication. Behaviours such aggression, self-injurious behaviour and undirected running have been related to abnormalities in sensory processing (Watling Dietz, 2007). Along with intellectual disabilities in children with autism, they may develop superior skills in music, mathematics or memory. Stephanies performance components: Motor skills In the video it was clear that from the car to the developmental school for therapy, she walks herself alone without any support. In her Canadian Occupational Performance an issue was reported that Stephanie has learnt to unclip her seat belt while travelling in car. Therefore, her fine motor skills need to be channelized in an appropriate manner by the therapist so that she can learn to take care of herself. Similarly, at her home, she walks in the garden and soils herself with mud. Hence, she can be guided to improve her skills and occupational performance. Cognitive skills Stephanie can convey her food desires with the help of PECS. She cannot communicate verbally but with the help of pictures she manages to meet her requirements. She can follow and understand the commands of her therapist at developmental school. Social/behavior skills Stephanie is not fearful in the presence of many people. It was clear from the video that she was enjoying her painting session as commanded by the therapist along with other participants. She even participates in supported youth group once a fortnight which proves that she is not scared of crowd or noise. As a result, Stephanie can be involved into other occupational activities which will eventually improve her occupational performance. Sensory skills Stephanie loves music which is a positive sign of her sensory skills. She responds to stimulus of light as told by her mother, Stephanie is fascinated by the reflection on shaded walls. She is receptive to external stimulus because while she is walking towards her school on the pavement or way she stops to view her environment. From the video it was clear that she gets engaged in the environment she stays or walks by. Thus, PEO model provides guidelines to analyze occupational performance problems of Stephanie and to plan interventions and interaction with her and family. Additionally, the application of PEO model also delivers a way to study physical, cultural, institutional, socioeconomic environmental factors that influence day-to-day life practices (Dunbar, 2007). Possible assessments: In occupation therapy, assessment of children with autism is vital for developing a plan and enforcing an efficient intervention. The bonding between children and family is unique and communications offer an understanding into childs abilities, occupational interests and requirements. The probable assessment by the occupational therapist (OT) for Stephanie will be based on emphasizing the reasons behind restrictions of her occupational performances. Focus will be on recognizing her priorities and desired activities. Friendly interaction and bonding with Stephanie is of utmost importance so as to observe her closely which will further help to evaluate her condition. Observation is the most imperative and primary tool to actually examine her performances in numerous daily activities. The development of occupational performance of children has to be understood by their routine works and habits (Vaughn, 2011). The best and comfortable place for assessment will be Stephanies familiar envi ronment either home or school. Information on her daily activities and habits has to be collected from family and other therapists in contact with Stephanie. From the occupational performances, the observed data will be analysed and evaluated to decide on the possible interventions. After completion of appraisal, the OT and family can select the best promising strategy of action centred on the present and future prospects. Accurate procedures to evaluate occupational performances of daily activities by using Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (Bumin et al., 2015). Her developmental parameters have to be assessed. Sensory profile has to be measured in case of Stephanie. Motor skill assessment has to be carried out. The occupational therapist then determines the performance skills such as methods used for communication, process skills such as attention, and motor skills such as mobility or position (Yalon-Chamowitz et al., 2010). Possible interventaion 1- For Stephanie, she has to be taught to self-care by not smearing which she usually does. She has to be taught to bath on her own. She has to learn to take her food on her won and finish her meals properly. The chief target of occupational therapist is to make sure that children with autism are able to reduce complications in performing day-to-day life activities which they generally face at school or home. 2- Next intervention for Stephanie will be to engage her in new playful activities at home, which will also include social interaction, sharing and taking turns. So that she can develop her motor skills by getting engaged in numerous activities. Most essential intervention is to teach her or improve her communication, so that she can easily understand and let others know what she needs. Behaviour management has also to be taught, therefore Stephanie can learn to sit and wait. Family centered issues. 1- In eleven years, Stephanies parents could not leave her alone for a moment, not even at night because her habit is she strips herself naked. So she needs complete supervision. At night also her parents have to stay with her to supervise her. 2- Stephanies parents could not go on a date since these many years. Only when Stephanie goes out for music once a fortnight, they can relax that time. 3-Their social life, partying or travelling along with friends or going to visit family has not been possible due to Stephanies condition. Conclusion: A characteristic of autism is delayed speech or language communication. There are many behavioural interventions to enhance speech in children but it is noted that most of children diagnosed with autism stay speechless. The children are taught to express their desire by using picture exchange communication system, such as they can show a picture of banana and convey they want to eat it or other such activities with the help of pictures. The occupational therapists train children with PECS along with play and different meaningful activities. Hence, occupational therapy emphasizes an insight on the active relationship among people, their work and surrounding environment with the help of a model Person-Environment-Occupation. Therapists practice this model to analyse occupational performance issues in children in a systematic manner during their study of complex human experience and behaviour patterns. The OTs explicitly converse their practices and its impact on patient with family mem bers. The PEO model is presented as a device used by therapist to ensure patient-centric interventions by improving participation of patients in significant occupations in their selected environments. References Bagby, M. S., Dickie, V. A., Baranek, G. T. (2012). How Sensory Experiences of Children With and Without Autism Affect Family Occupations. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(1), 7886. Baio, J. (2012). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders - autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 sites, United States, 2008. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 61(3):119. Bolton, P.F., Carcani-Rathwell, I., Hutton, J., Goode, S., Howlin, P., Rutter, M. (2011). Epilepsy in autism: features and correlates. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 198, 289-294. Bumin, G., Huri, M., Salar, S., Kahiyan, S. (2015). Occupational therapy in Autism. In: Autism spectrum disorder Recent advances. Fitzgerald Michael (Eds). Chapter -9, 161-203 pp. Croatia European Union: Intech Open. Case-Smith, J., Weaver, L.L., Fristad, M.A. (2014). A systematic review of sensory processing interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 19, 1333-1348 Chipaux, M., Vercueil, L., Kaminska, A., Mahon, S., Charpier, S. (2013). Persistence of cortical sensory processing during absence seizures in human and an animal model: evidence from EEG and intracellular recordings. PLoS One, 8, e58180. Dunbar, S.B. (2007). Occupational therapy models for intervention with children and families. USA: SLACK Incorporated. Eyssen, I.C.J.M., Steultjens, M.P.M., Oud, T.A.M., Bolt, M., Maasdam, A., Dekker, J. (2011). Responsiveness of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 48(5), 517-528. Lindgren, S., Doobay, A. (2011). Evidence-based interventions for autism spectrum disorders. Retrieved from: https://www.interventionsunlimited.com/editoruploads/files/Iowa%20DHS%20Autism%20Interventions%206-10-11.pdf Neil, L., Olsson, N. C., Pellicano, E. (2016). The Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty, Sensory Sensitivities, and Anxiety in Autistic and Typically Developing Children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46, 1962-1973. Spence, S.J., Schneider, M.T. (2009). The role of epilepsy and epileptiform EEGs in autism spectrum disorders. Pediatric Research, 65(6), 599-606. Watling, R.L., Dietz, J. (2007). Immediate effect of Ayress sensory integrationbased occupational therapy intervention on children with autism spectrum disorders. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 6, 1574-1583. Van Campen, J. S., Jansen, F. E., Kleinrensink, N. J., Jols, M., Braun, K. P., Bruining, H. (2015). Sensory modulation disorders in childhood epilepsy. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7, 34. Vaughn, R.L. (2011). Occupations and quality of life of families with children with ASD: a survey. Online Retrieved from: https://encompass.eku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1025context=etd Viscidi, E. W., Johnson, A. L., Spence, S. J., Buka, S. L., Morrow, E. M., Triche, E. W. (2014). The association between epilepsy and autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism?: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 18(8), 9961006. Yalon-Chamowitz, S., Selanikyo, E., Artzi, N., Prigal, Y., Fishman, R. (2010). Occupational therapy and intellectual developmental disability throughout the life cycle. Retrieved from: https://www.health.gov.il/UnitsOffice/HD/MHealth/Occupational_Therapy/Documents/OT_%20Intellectual_IJOT_EN.pd